![]() ![]() Percutaneous fixation of acute undisplaced scaphoid fractures has union rates comparable with those of nonsurgical cast immobilization but with faster RTW and time to union without a significant difference in complication rate. There was no significant difference in complication rate between the groups (7% in group 1 vs 14% in group 2). Average time to radiographic union was 79 days for group 1 versus 44 days for group 2. ![]() Average time to RTW was 77 days for group 1 versus 46 days for group 2. Patients were divided into 2 groups: cast immobilization (group 1) and percutaneous fixation (group 2). Ten studies met the inclusion criteria: 6 comparative studies and 4 case series. Meta-analysis was performed for comparative trials. The methodological quality of each study included was assessed independently. Patient demographics, duration of immobilization, time to RTW, time to union, and complications were extracted. and J.K.) using the following criteria: (1) acute undisplaced scaphoid fracture, (2) English language, (3) RTW duration objectively reported, (5) age older than 15 years, and (5) studies with more than 10 patients. Key words included "scaphoid fracture," "navicular fracture," "hand," "immobilization," "cast," "conservative," "percutaneous," "screw fixation," "mini open," and "minimally invasive." A 2-step review process was done by 2 independent reviewers (H.A. PubMed MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane electronic databases were searched over the period 1974 to 2015. A systematic review was conducted to assess the outcomes of acute, undisplaced scaphoid fractures managed with cast immobilization versus percutaneous or miniopen screw fixation in terms of time to return to work (RTW), time to union, and morbidity. Short and long-term variations in serum calciotropic hormones after a single very large dose of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) or cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in the elderly.The optimal management of undisplaced scaphoid fractures remains controversial. Romagnoli E, Mascia ML, Cipriani C, Fassino V, Mazzei F, D'Erasmo E, Carnevale V, Scillitani A, Minisola S. Evidence that vitamin D3 increases serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D more efficiently than does vitamin D2. ![]() Trang HM, Cole DE, Rubin LA, Pierratos A, Siu S, Vieth R. Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium Institute of Medicine Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2010 Dietary Reference Intakes for calcium and vitamin. Ross CA, Taylor CL, Yaktime AL, Del Valle HB. Nutrition and bone health with particular reference to calcium and vitamin D: Report of the Subgroup on Bone Health (Working Group on the Nutritional Status of the Population) of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy London, United Kingdom: The Stationary Office, 1998 However, additional research is required to examine the metabolic pathways involved in oral and intramuscular administration of vitamin D and the effects across age, sex, and ethnicity, which this review was unable to verify.Ĭalman K. This meta-analysis indicates that vitamin D3 is more efficacious at raising serum 25(OH)D concentrations than is vitamin D2, and thus vitamin D3) could potentially become the preferred choice for supplementation. When the frequency of dosage administration was compared, there was a significant response for vitamin D3 when given as a bolus dose (P = 0.0002) compared with administration of vitamin D2, but the effect was lost with daily supplementation. The Cochrane Clinical Trials Registry, International Standard Randomized Controlled Trials Number register, and were also searched for any unpublished trials.Ī meta-analysis of RCTs indicated that supplementation with vitamin D3 had a significant and positive effect in the raising of serum 25(OH)D concentrations compared with the effect of vitamin D2 (P = 0.001). The ISI Web of Knowledge (January 1966 to July 2011) database was searched electronically for all relevant studies in adults that directly compared vitamin D3 with vitamin D2. The objective of this article was to report a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have directly compared the effects of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 on serum 25(OH)D concentrations in humans. ![]() Currently, there is a lack of clarity in the literature as to whether there is a definitive difference between the effects of vitamins D2 and D3 in the raising of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. ![]()
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